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Early fuel injection designs simply replaced the carburetor with an electronic fuel-dumping system. The fuel is sucked into the combustion chamber through the intake manifold and past the intake valves, into the cylinder heads. A carburetor operates by pumping fuel into the intake manifold of the engine when the accelerator pedal is pushed, a linkage connects the pedal to the carburetor and fuel distribution is controlled by the amount of pressure applied to the accelerator pedal. There was a brief period of electrically controlled carburetors before fuel injection systems took over, but these electrical carbs were even more complicated than the purely mechanical ones.
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This is called closed loop control - it was not feasible to achieve this control with carburetors. Oxygen sensors monitor the amount of oxygen in the exhaust, and the engine control unit (ECU) uses this information to adjust the air-to-fuel ratio in real-time. Very careful control of the air-to-fuel ratio was required for the catalytic converter to be effective. Now, all cars sold in the United States have fuel injection systems.ĬARBURETOR: A HISTORYCarburetor is today just a history but once it served the supply source of fuel for the engine but due to its complicated problems it needed to be replaced as for example it required the following:Main circuit - Provides just enough fuel for fuel-efficient cruising Idle circuit - Provides just enough fuel to keep the engine idling Accelerator pump - Provides an extra burst of fuel when the accelerator pedal is first depressed, reducing hesitation before the engine speeds up Power enrichment circuit - Provides extra fuel when the car is going up a hill or towing a trailer Choke - Provides extra fuel when the engine is cold so that it will start In order to meet stricter emissions requirements, catalytic converters were introduced. INTRODUCTIONIn trying to keep up with emissions and fuel efficiency laws, the fuel system used in modern cars has changed a lot over the yearsBut fuel injection has been around since the 1950s, and electronic fuel injection was used widely on European cars starting around 1980. FUEL INJECTORSPresented by:TANMAY KANADESANTOSH YADAV